Research Related Articles
- Effects of Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) on Biological Systems
Author - Madhuri G Pawar, Reymend Encily Martin
Abstract
Electromagnetic Field (EMF) is a natural phenomenon; however, anthropogenic activities have significantly shifted its equilibrium, leading to potential deleterious effects on biological systems. As technology becomes more integrated into daily life, the increased use of electronic devices has contributed to a rise in man-made EMF exposure. This exposure can affect biological systems on physiological and molecular levels, raising concerns about its potential effects on animal development, reproductive systems, and overall ecosystem health. The review explores the physiological effects of exposure to static, extremely low-frequency (ELF), and radiofrequency (RF) fields, analyzing how EMF impacts oxidative stress, reproductive physiology, cardiovascular function, brain and nervous system activity, and DNA/RNA integrity. It also acknowledges the emerging concern of EMF in aquatic environments, where underwater power supplies and extensive underwater cable networks are sources of EMF exposure that may affect marine and freshwater species. The potential effects on marine life include disruptions to migratory patterns, altered reproductive cycles, and changes in aquatic biodiversity. The review acknowledges that research on EMF has improved over time, but significant gaps and information remain. It emphasizes the need for immediate attention to address the challenges and opportunities in this field.
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- Partial purification and characterization of lectin from serum of American cockroach, Periplaneta americana
Author- Yogita Raosaheb Channe Reymend Encily Martin
Abstract- The partial purification and characterization of haemagglutinin (lectin) were carried out from the hemolymph of the adult American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. The hemolymph was drawn from cockroach and lectin was purified by a single-step method, using ammonium sulfate (NH4 ) 2 SO4 salt fractionation and gel filtration. Gel filtration showed two peaks. The Hemagglutination Activity (HA) was observed in the 20th fraction of the second peak. The purified lectin showed a molecular weight of 26.8kDa on Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Poly Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. The purified lectin showed an increase in HA at pH 7.5 and, subsequently, a sharp decline at pH 8. This indicates that HA was specific to a certain pH level. Similarly, an increase in HA was observed until 30°C, followed by a decline at 40°C. This indicates the heat labile nature of lectin. The HA showed a higher specificity to divalent Ca2+ and showed no specificity for Ba2+. It also showed a higher inhibition for sugar D-galactose and a least inhibition for D-lactose. The HA to vertebrate blood group showed a highest activity to goat Red Blood Cells (RBCs). The study concludes that carbohydrate-bindingspecific lectin is important for recognition of the cell surface carbohydrate of invading pathogens.
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- Investigations on In Vivo Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Determinants of Fosfomycin in Murine Thigh and Kidney Infection Models
Author- Chavan, Rajesh & Naphade, Bhushan & Waykar, Bhalchandra & Bhagwat, Sachin
Abstract- Investigations on In Vivo Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Determinants of Fosfomycin in Murine Thigh and Kidney Infection Models. Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.). 29. 10.1089/mdr.2022.0119. Background: Amidst the era of widespread resistance, there has been a renewed interest in older antibiotics such as fosfomycin, owing to its activity against certain resistant Gram-negative pathogens, including multidrug-resistant variants expressing extended spectrum β-lactamases or carbapenemases. The goal of the study was to investigate pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) index and PK/PD targets of fosfomycin in murine thigh and kidney infection models, employing clinical isolates of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae). Methods: Seven isolates of E. coli (one wild-type and six clinical isolates) and five isolates of K. pneumoniae (one wild-type and four clinical isolates) were utilized for in vivo PK/PD studies. Single-dose plasma PK studies were conducted in infected mice by subcutaneous route. PD index was determined from exposure-response analysis employing 24-hr dose fractionation studies in neutropenic murine thigh infection model, while pharmacodynamic targets (PDTs) were derived from both thigh and kidney infection models. Results: Dose fractionation studies demonstrated that in vivo efficacy of fosfomycin best correlated with AUC/MIC for E. coli (R2 = 0.9227) and K. pneumoniae (R2 = 0.8693). The median AUC/MIC linked to 1 log10 kill effects were 346.2 and 745.2 in thigh infection model and 244.1 and 425.4 in kidney infection model for E. coli and K. pneumoniae, respectively. The mice plasma protein binding of fosfomycin was estimated to be 5.4%. Conclusions: The in vivo efficacy of fosfomycin against Enterobacterales was best described by AUC/MIC. The PDTs derived from this study may help define the coverage potential of fosfomycin at the clinical doses approved.
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- Study The Genetic Diversity Of Honey Bee Species In Nashik District Of Maharashtra, India
Author- Sonawane A, Waykar B
Abstract- This study was planned to estimate the genetic diversity of honeybee species in Nashik district. Because of climatic variation different crops are taken all over the district. In this study, genetic diversity between Apis dorsata, Apis cerana, Apis florea and Apis mellifera is estimated from the study area. For this, DNA barcoding of samples was performed. Sequences were uploaded to NCBI and accession id numbers were generated. Data was subjected to MEGA X software which was used for computing the evolutionary divergence, transition\transversion bias. Kimura 2 model is used for data analysis. Divergence between honeybee species in Nashik district is ranges from 0.00479 to 0.148774. Maximum divergence is observed in Apis dorsata and Apis florea i.e. 0.148774. Neighbor- joining phylogenetic tree revealed close relatedness between Apis dorsata - Apis mellifera and Apis cerana - Apis florea. Estimated evolutionary divergence in Triambakeshwar tehsil ranges from 0.102 to 0.130. Apis dorsata and Apis mellifera showing minimum divergence i. e. 0.102 and Apis dorsata and Apis florea show maximum divergence i.e. 0.130. From this we can conclude that Apis dorsata and Apis mellifera are closely related while Apis dorsata and Apis florea are distantly. From Malegaon tehsil, the maximum divergence is 0.149 and minimum is 0.106.
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- An Evaluation of Antimicrobial, Anticancer, Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Leaf Extract of Madhuca longifolia Utilizing Quantitative and Qualitative Methods
Authors- Pooja Salve, Aruna Vinchurkar, Rajesh Raut, Ramesh Chondekar, Jaya Lakkakula, Arpita Roy, Md Jamal Hossain, Saad Alghamdi, Mazen Almehmadi, Osama Abdulaziz, Mamdouh Allahyani, Anas S Dablool, Md Moklesur Rahman Sarker, Mohd Fahami Nur Azlina
Abstract- In the current decade, nanoparticles are synthesized using solvents that are environmentally friendly. A number of nanoparticles have been synthesized at room temperature using water as a solvent, such as gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles. As part of nanotechnology, nanoparticles are synthesized through biological processes. Biological methods are the preferred method for the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a result of their simple and non-hazardous nature. Nanoparticles of silver are used in a variety of applications, including catalysts, spectrally selective coatings for solar absorption, optical objectives, pharmaceutical constituents, and chemical and biological sensing. Antimicrobial agents are among the top uses of silver nanoparticles. In the current study, silver nanoparticles were biologically manufactured through Madhuca longifolia, and their antibacterial activity against pathogenic microorganisms, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities were assessed. UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD (X-ray diffraction), transmission electron microscopy, Zeta Potential, and FTIR were used to characterize silver nanoparticles. The current work describes a cheap and environmentally friendly method to synthesize silver nanoparticles from silver nitrate solution by using plant crude extract as a reducing agent.
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- Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles via Taxus wallichiana Zucc. plant-derived Taxol: Novel utilization as anticancer, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and antiurolithic potential
Authors- Sachin Bhusari, Parvindar M. Sah, Jaya Lakkakula, Arpita Roy, Rajesh Raut, Ramesh Chondekar, Saad Alghamdi, Mazen Alkemade Mamdouh Allahyani, Ahad Amer Alsaiari, Abdulelah Aljuaid and Nabeela Al-Abdullah
Abstract- Throughout history, the utilization of plant products as medicinal remedies has been widespread, with numerous modern drugs finding their origins in the plant kingdom. Taxol, derived from Taxus species, stands out as an exceptional and highly potent anticancer medication. In this study, we present a rapid one-pot synthesis method for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the leaves of Taxus wallichiana Zucca in the presence of sunlight. The synthesized AgNPs were comprehensively characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and HPLC Q-TOF. The AgNPs were further investigated for their antioxidative, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antiurolithi properties. The anticancer activity was assessed through a sulforhodamine B assay conducted on the MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cell line and SiHa human cervical cancer cell line. The findings of this study reveal the impressive antioxidative, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antiurolithi characteristics exhibited by AgNPs synthesized from leaf extracts. This research highlights an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach to producing AgNPs by utilizing plant extracts as reducing agents, underscoring the immense potential of natural resources in advancing nanotechnology and its applications.
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- REDESCRIPTION OF OSCHIOUS SP. AROUND SUGARCANE SOIL IN OSMANABAD DISTRICT (M.S) INDIA.
Author- Komal Dalve, Sunita Borde
Abstract- Redescription of the genus, Oschious was found in the soil around root of sugarcane crops in Osmanabad district (M. S) India. Molecular and morphological analysis were performed. The species is characterized by body size medium and length measures 2587mm, a = 18.9, b = 3.43, c = 19.9, c’= 1.66, V=55.62%Length of stoma65μm.Amphids circular, female reproductive system amphidelphic and pointed tail
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- COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SDS POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS OF PROTEIN EXTRACTED FROM CESTODES MONIEZIA SP., STILESIA SP. AND AVITELLINA SP. A PARASITE OF THE DOMESTIC GOAT CAPRA HIRCUS (L.) IN JALNA DISTRICT (M.S.), ABSTRACT INDIA.
Authors- Arun Gaware, Sandip Wagh and Sunita Borde
Abstract- SDS-PAGE is a commonly used method for analyzing protein samples that can give the information on purity, subunit composition, molecular weight, and relative abundance. A large number of mammals are the hosts of Anoplocephalidean cestodes. The cestode Moniezia sp., Stilesia sp. and Avitellina sp., were the worms isolated from the infected host i.e. Capra hircus at Jalna. Present study was used to examine the electrophoretic patterns of extracted proteins of Moniezia, Stilesia and Avitellina isolated from the infected goats i.e. Capra hircus by using SDS-PAGE technique. The SDS-PAGE of the extracted proteins resulted evident molecular weights of different polypeptides of cestodes, that ranged from below 3 kda to above 205 kda, but most of bands were observed between the range of molecular marker and very few bands observed in above high molecular protein bands 205 kda.
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- Evaluation of biofilm formation by bacteria isolated from engine oil-contaminated soil and exploring its bioremediation potential in vitro
Authors- Chaithra J Rai, Bharathi Prakash, SK Girisha, GD Khedkar, KB Kushala, HC Ananda Murthy
Abstract- This study investigated the biofilm-forming ability of bacteria isolated from engine oil-contaminated soil and assessed their potential for bioremediation. Fifteen engine oil contaminated soil samples were collected and inoculated into Bushnell-Haas (BH) broth supplemented with 2 % engine oil. After incubation, bacterial colonies were isolated and identified using 16s RNA sequencing. The tube adherence test also known as Christensen method and modified microtiter plate quantification of biofilm formation by Stepanović et al. (2000) [1], was used to study bacterial biofilm as tube test and the microtiter-plate test are the most frequently used techniques for quantifying biofilm formation was used to study bacterial biofilm. Both quantitative (OD measurements) and qualitative (visual observation) methods were employed, classifying the six isolates into three categories: strong, moderate, and low biofilm producers …
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- Modulation of gut-microbiota through probiotics and dietary interventions to improve host health
Authors- Vaishali Lekchand Dasriya, Mrinal Samtiya, Soniya Ranveer, Harmeet Singh Dhillon, Nishu Devi, Vikas Sharma, Pranali Nikam, Monica Puniya, Priya Chaudhary, Vishu Chaudhary, Pradip V Behare, Tejpal Dhewa, Ravichandra Vemuri, António Raposo, Dharun Vijay Puniya, Gulab D. Khedkar, Raghu Hrikyathahalli Vishweswaraiah, Shilpa Vij, Sehad N Alarifi, Heesup Han, Anil Kumar Puniya
Abstract- Dietary patterns play an important role in regards to the modulation and control of the gut microbiome composition and function. The interaction between diet and microbiota plays an important role in order to maintain intestinal homeostasis, which ultimately affect the host's health. Diet directly impacts the microbes that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which then contributes to the production of secondary metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, neurotransmitters, and antimicrobial peptides. Dietary consumption with genetically modified probiotics can be the best vaccine delivery vector and protect cells from various illnesses. A holistic approach to disease prevention, treatment, and management takes these intrinsically linked diet-microbes, microbe–microbe interactions, and microbe–host interactions into account. Dietary components, such as fiber can modulate beneficial gut microbiota, and they have resulting ameliorative effects against metabolic disorders. Medical interventions, such as antibiotic drugs can conversely have detrimental effects on gut microbiota by disputing the balance between Bacteroides and firmicute, which contribute to continuing disease states. We summarize the known effects of various dietary components, such as fibers, carbohydrates, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, proteins, phenolic acids, and antibiotics on the composition of the gut microbiota in this article in addition to the beneficial effect of genetically modified probiotics and consequentially their role in regards to shaping human health. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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- Survey of helminth parasites in freshwater fishes from Marathwada region, MS, India
Authors- Jaywant Dhole, Sushil Jawale, Somnath Waghmare, Ramrao Chavan
Abstract- The survey was carried out with 879 freshwater fishes in which Mastacembalus armatus (Lecepede, 1800), Clarius batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758), Wallago attu (Bleaker, 1857) and Channa punctatus (Bloch) from various places of Marathwada region. Out of 879 fresh water fishes 487 were infected with helminth parasites in which cestode, trematode and nematode were found in one annual cycle. A total 689 helminth parasites were found during the present investigation.
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- Distribution and diversity of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) around Gautala Autramghat Sanctuary, Aurangabad Maharashtra, India
Authors- BV Sonune, RJ Chavan
Abstract- The study was carried out to investigate the diversity and distribution of ants in agriculture, grassland, forest and human habitats located around Gautala Autramghat Sanctuary Dist. Aurangabad during February 2010 to January 2012. The ants were randomly collected from the study area, by all out-search method. A total 17 species of ants belonging to thirteen genera and six subfamilies such as Formicinae, Myrmicinae, Ponerinae, Dolichoderinae, Aenictinae and Pseudomyrmicinae were reported from four different habitats of present study area. The subfamily Myrmicinae was found to be more diverse with 6 species, and then followed by Formicinae with 4 species, Pseudomyrmicinae with 3 species, Ponerinae with 6 species and Dolichoderinae & Aenictinae were found least diverse with only one species each. Members of Formicinae, Myrmicinae and Dolichoderinae were reported from all habitats but members of subfamily Ponerinae, Aenictinae and Pseudomyrmicinae were only reported from grassland and forest habitats. A Genus Tetraponera is most diverse comprising three species then followed by Monomorium and Camponotus comprising two species each from the present study area were reported. A genus Tetraponera is most diverse with three species and is followed by Monomorium and Camponotus each with two species. The Shannon Weiner diversity index of forest and grassland habitat was found highest as compared to human and agricultural habitats. The genus Crematogaster was found to be most abundant.
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